Baseball evolved from older bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-18th century. This game was brought by immigrants to North America,
where the modern version developed.
By the late 19th century, baseball was widely recognized as the
national sport of the United States.
In the United States and Canada, professional
Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are divided into the
National League (NL) and
American League (AL), each with three divisions: East, West, and Central. The major league champion is determined by
playoffs that culminate in the
World Series. The top level of play is similarly split in Japan between the
Central and
Pacific Leagues and in Cuba between the
West League and East League.
Baseball in popular culture
Baseball has had a broad impact on popular culture, both in the United States and elsewhere. Dozens of
English-language idioms have been derived from baseball; in particular, the game is the source of a number of widely used
sexual euphemisms.
The first networked radio broadcasts in North America were of the
1922 World Series: famed sportswriter
Grantland Rice announced
play-by-play from New York City's
Polo Grounds on
WJZ–
Newark, New Jersey, which was connected by wire to
WGY–
Schenectady, New York, and
WBZ–
Springfield, Massachusetts.
The
baseball cap has become a ubiquitous fashion item not only in the United States and Japan, but also in countries where the sport itself is not particularly popular, such as the United Kingdom.
Baseball has inspired many works of art and entertainment.
One of the first major examples,
Ernest Thayer's poem "
Casey at the Bat", appeared in 1888. A wry description of the failure of a star player in what would now be called a "clutch situation", the poem became the source of
vaudeville and other staged performances, audio recordings, film adaptations, and an opera, as well as a host of sequels and parodies in various media.
There have been many
baseball movies, including the
Academy Award–winning
The Pride of the Yankees (1942) and the Oscar nominees
The Natural (1984) and
Field of Dreams (1989).
The
American Film Institute's selection of the ten best sports movies includes
The Pride of the Yankees at number 3 and
Bull Durham (1988) at number 5.
Baseball has provided thematic material for hits on both stage—the
Adler–
Ross musical
Damn Yankees—and record—
George J. Gaskin's "Slide, Kelly, Slide",
Simon and Garfunkel's "
Mrs. Robinson", and
John Fogerty's "
Centerfield".
The baseball-inspired comedic sketch "
Who's on First", popularized by
Abbott and Costello in 1938, quickly became famous. Six decades later,
Time named it the best comedy routine of the 20th century.
Baseball is also featured in various video games including
MLB: The Show,
Wii Sports,
Kinect Sports: Season 2 and
Mario Baseball.
Literary works connected to the game include the short fiction of
Ring Lardner and novels such as
Bernard Malamud's
The Natural (the source for the movie),
Robert Coover's
The Universal Baseball Association, Inc., J. Henry Waugh, Prop., and
W. P. Kinsella's
Shoeless Joe (the source for
Field of Dreams). Baseball's literary canon also includes the beat reportage of
Damon Runyon; the columns of Grantland Rice,
Red Smith,
Dick Young, and
Peter Gammons; and the essays of
Roger Angell.
Among the celebrated nonfiction books in the field are
Lawrence S. Ritter's
The Glory of Their Times,
Roger Kahn's
The Boys of Summer, and
Michael Lewis's
Moneyball. The 1970 publication of major league pitcher
Jim Bouton's tell-all chronicle
Ball Four is considered a turning point in the reporting of professional sports.
Baseball has also inspired the creation of new cultural forms.
Baseball cards were introduced in the late 19th century as
trade cards.
The 1930s saw the popularization of the modern style of baseball card, with a player photograph accompanied on the rear by statistics and biographical data. Baseball cards—many of which are now prized collectibles—are the source of the much broader
trading card industry, involving similar products for different sports and non-sports-related fields.
Modern
fantasy sports began in 1980 with the invention of
Rotisserie League Baseball by New York writer
Daniel Okrent and several friends.
Participants in a Rotisserie league draft notional teams from the list of active Major League Baseball players and play out an entire imaginary season with game outcomes based on the players' latest real-world statistics. Rotisserie-style play quickly became a phenomenon. Now known more generically as
fantasy baseball, it has inspired similar games based on an array of different sports.
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